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Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) make up a diverse group of more than 200 heterogeneous lung disorders, many classified as rare.1,5,6 Despite being infrequently seen in practice, ILDs collectively affect a considerable number of patients and represent a substantial burden of disease.7 A wide range of these ILDs are characterized by pulmonary fibrosis, which can become a key driver of irreversible lung damage and early mortality.1-4

Pulmonary fibrosis is a common and critical threat across a broad range of fibrotic ILDs, warranting urgent identification and timely intervention.1-4

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Pulmonologists

Pulmonologists

Irrespective of lung injury trigger, progressive fibrosing ILDs show commonalities in the pathogenic mechanisms that drive the fibrotic process.8,9
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Multidisciplinary care team

Multidisciplinary care team

Radiologists, pulmonary nurses, and primary care physicians have vital roles to play in the early identification and effective management of pulmonary fibrosis.

CTD-ILD, connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SARD, systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease; SARD-ILD, systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-associated interstitial lung disease; SSc, systemic sclerosis.

  • 1.
     Flaherty KR, Brown KK, Wells AU, et al. Design of the PF-ILD trial: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase III trial of nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease. BMJ Open Resp Res. 2017;4(1):e000212.
  • 2.
     Patterson KC, Strek ME. Pulmonary fibrosis in sarcoidosis. Clinical features and outcomes. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2013;10(4):362-370.
  • 3.
     Caban JJ, Yao J, Bagci U, Mollura DJ. Monitoring pulmonary fibrosis by fusing clinical, physiological, and computed tomography features. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2011;6216-6219.
  • 4.
     Wells AU, Brown KK, Flaherty KR, Kolb M, Thannickal VJ, on behalf of the IPF Consensus Working Group. Eur Resp J. 2018;51:1800692.
  • 5.
     Cottin V, Hirani N, Hotchkin D, et al. Presentation, diagnosis and clinical course of the spectrum of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir Rev. 2018;27(150):180076. 
  • 6.
     Demedts M, Wells AU, AntÓ JM, et al. Interstitial lung diseases: an epidemiological overview. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2001;18(suppl32):2s-16s.
  • 7.
     Wijsenbeek M, Cottin V. Spectrum of fibrotic lung diseases. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:958-968.
  • 8.
     Wuyts WA, Agostini C, Antoniou KM, et al. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target. Eur Respir J. 2013;41(5):1207-1218.
  • 9.
    Maher TM, Wuyts W. Management of fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Adv Ther. 2019;36(7):1518-1531.